C-Motion - 3D Motion Analysis Software

Research Papers - Analysis Techniques used in Visual3D and studies using Visual3D

Books

Uses or References to Visual3D (or Move3D)

Foot studies or research papers

Biomechanics - kinematics, kinetics, methods, algorithms, modeling

Marker sets and placement papers

Gait or lower body related papers

Biomechanics and robotic devices

Lab calibration or CalTester related papers

Submit Your Own Article Here...

Books:

Chapman, Arthur E. "Biomechanical Analysis of Fundamental Human Movements"

2008 - Human Kinetics

Reference

Richards, Jim "Biomechanics in Clinics and Research: An interactive teaching and learning course"

2008 - Elsevier

Helliwell, Woodburn, Redmond, Turner, Davys "The Foot and Ankle in Rheumatoid Arthritis"

2008 - Elsevier

Robertson G., Caldwell G., Hamill J., Kamen G.,Whittlesey S. "Research Methods in Biomechanics"

2004 - Human Kinetics

Hamill Joseph, Knutzen Kathleen "Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement"

2003 - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2 edition

Uses or References to Visual3D (or Move3D):

Ramsey DK, Briem K, Axe MJ, and Snyder-Mackler L "A Mechanical Theory for the Effectiveness of Bracing for Medial Compartment Osteoarthritis of the Knee."

2007 - The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) 89:2398-2407

Rudolph KS, Schmitt LC, and Lewek MD "Age-Related Changes in Strength, Joint Laxity, and Walking Patterns: Are They Related to Knee Osteoarthritis?"

2007 - PHYS THER, Vol. 87, No. 11, 1422-1432

Lee SJ, and Hidler J "Biomechanics of Overground Versus Treadmill Walking In Healthy Individuals."

2007 - Journal of Applied Physiology

Tokuno CD, Carpenter MG, Thorstensson A, Garland SJ, and Cresswell AG "Control of the triceps surae during the postural sway of quiet standing."

2007 - Acta Physiologica, Volume 191 Issue 3 Page 229-236

Segers V, Aerts P, Lenoir M, De Clercq, D "Dynamics of the body centre of mass during actual acceleration across transition speed."

2007 - Journal Exp Biol 310, 578-585

Ramsey DK, Snyder-Mackler L, Lewek M, Newcomb W, Rudolph KS. "Effect of anatomic realignment on muscle function during gait in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis."

2007 - rthritis Care & Research. Volume 57, Issue 3 , Pages 389 - 397

Willems, Tine Mariek, Witvrouw, Erik, De Cock, Anneleen, De Clercq, Dirk "Gait-Related Risk Factors for Exercise-Related Lower-Leg Pain during Shod Running."

2007 - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 39(2):330-339

Domingo A, Sawicki GS, Ferris DP. "Kinematics and muscle activity of individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury during treadmill stepping with and without manual assistance."

2007 - Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation 4:32

Gordon KE and Ferris DP "Learning to walk with a robotic ankle exoskeleton"

2007 - Journal of Biomechanics, 40:2636-2644

Palmieri-Smith RM, Kreinbrink J, Ashton-Miller JA, and Wojtys EM "Quadriceps Inhibition Induced by an Experimental Knee Joint Effusion Affects Knee Joint Mechanics During a Single-Legged Drop Landing."

2007 - Am J Sports Med. 35: 1269-1275

Ford F, Myer GD, Hewett TE "Reliability of Landing 3D Motion Analysis: Implications for Longitudinal Analyses."

2007 - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 39(11):2021-2028

Wheat JS, Vernon T, Milner CE "The measurement of upper body alignment during the golf drive."

2007 - ournal of Sports Sciences, 25(7):749-755

Khan WS, Nokes L, Jones RK, Johnson DS "The relationship of the angle of immobilisation of the knee to the force applied to the extensor mechanism when partially weight-bearing. A Gait-Analysis Study in Normal Volunteers."

2007 - Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British Volume, Vol 89-B, Issue 7, 911-914

Jia Yi Chow, Keith Davids, Chris Button, Michael Koh "Variation in Coordination of a Discrete Multiarticular Action as a Function of Skill Level."

2007 - Journal of Motor Behavior, Volume 39, Number 6, 463 - 479

Ryan L. Mizner, Lynn Snyder-Mackler "Altered loading during walking and sit-to-stand is affected by quadriceps weakness after total knee arthroplasty."

2006 - Journal of Orthopaedic Research Volume 23, Issue 5 , Pages 1083 - 1090

MacLean C, McClay Davis I, and Hamill J "Influence of a custom foot orthotic intervention on lower extremity dynamics in healthy runners."

2006 - Clinical Biomechanics, Volume 21, Issue 6, Pages 623-630

Butler RJ, Davis IS, and Hamill J "Interaction of arch type and footwear on running mechanics."

2006 - American Journal of Sports Medicine 34, 1998-2005

Whatling GM, Holt CA, Jones L, Madete JK, Dabke H, Alderman PM and Roberts P "Investigating the effects of surgical approach on total hip arthroplasty recovery using 3D gait analysis."

2006 - Ninth international symposium on teh 3D analysis of Human Movement

Gordon KE, Sawicki GS and Ferris DP "Mechanical performance of artificial pneumatic muscles to power an ankle-foot orthosis."

2006 - Journal of Biomechanics, 39:1832-1841

Ferris DP, Bohra ZA, Lukos JR and Kinnaird CR "Neuromechanical adaptation to hopping with an elastic ankle-foot orthosis."

2006 - Journal of Applied Physiology, 100:163-170

Buczek F, Cooney K, Walker M, Rainbow M, Concha M, Sanders JO "Performance of an inverted pendulum model directly applied to normal human gait."

2006 - Clinical Biomechanics, Volume 21, Issue 3, Pages 288-296

Turner DE, Helliwell PS, Emery P, and Woodburn J "The impact of rheumatoid arthritis on foot function in the early stages of disease: a clinical case series. BioMed Center Musculoskeletal Disorders."

2006 - BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2006, 7:102

Reference

Stensdotter AK, Holmgren C, Dalén T, Häger-Ross C "The role of M. popliteus in unpredictable and in self-initiated balance provocations."

2006 - Journal of Orthopaedic Research, Volume 24, Issue 3 , Pages 524 - 530

Turner DE, Davys HJ & Woodburn J "Foot function following forefoot reconstruction in rheumatoid arthritis."

2005 - Australasian Journal of Podiatric Medicine; Vol 39, No.4 : 83-89

JY Goulermas, D Howard, CJ Nester, RK Jones, L Ren "Regression Techniques for the Prediction of Lower Limb Kinematics."

2005 - Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, Volume 127, Issue 6, pp. 1020-1024

Pollard CD, McClay Davis I, Hamill J "Influence of gender on hip and knee mechanics during a randomly cued cutting maneuver"

2004 - Clinical Biomechanics, 19, 1022-1031

Siegel, KL, Kepple, TM, & Stanhope SJ "Joint moment control of mechanical energy flow during normal gait."

2004 - Gait and Posture, 19, 69-75

Woodburn J, Nelson KM, Siegel KL, Kepple TM, Gerber LH "Multisegment Foot Motion During Gait: Proof of Concept in Rheumatoid Arthritis."

2004 - The Journal of Rheumatology 31:10

Manal K, Stanhope SJ "A novel method for displaying gait and clinical movement analysis data"

2003 - Gait and Posture

Rainbow M, Buczek FL, Cooney KM, Walker MR, Sanders JO "DIFFERENCES BETWEEN VICON CLINICAL MANAGER AND VISUAL3D"

2003 - Abstracts of the American Society of Biomechanics

When switching biomechanical modeling software it is useful to note key differences between platforms. When using a given model like Helen Hayes, it is important that clinical decisions remain unaffected by software platform changes. This study showed no statistical dfiferenc between the Helen Hayes modeling in VCM and Visual3D for 16 out of 20 variables key to our gait analysis

Reference

Ferber R, McClay Davis I, Williams DS "Gender differences in lower extremity mechanics durin runnings"

2003 - Clinical Biomechanics 18: 350-357

Manal K, McLay I, Galinat B, Stanhope SJ "The accuracy of estimating proximal tibial translation during natural cadence walking: bone vs. skin mounted targets"

2003 - Clinical Biomechanics. 18, 126-131

Ferber R, McLay Davis I, Williams DS, Laughton C. "A comparison of within- and between-day reliability of discrete 3D lower extremity variables in runners."

2002 - Journal of Orthopedic Research 20: 1139-1145

Manal K, McLay I, Richards J, Galinat B, Stanhope SJ "Knee moment profiles during walking: errors due to soft tissue movement of the shank and the influence of the reference coordinate system"

2002 - Gait and Posture. 15, 10-17

Rudolf KS, Axe MJ, Buchanan TS, Scholz JP, Snyder-Mackler L "Dynamic stability in the anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee"

2001 - Knee Surg. Sprots Traumatol, Arthrosc 9: 62-71

Manal K, McLay I, Stanhope SJ, Richards J, Galinat B "Comparison of surface mounted markers and attachment methods in estimating tibial rotations during walking: an in vivo study"

2000 - Gait and Posture. 11, 38-45

Kepple TM, Stanhope SJ "Move3D Software."in Biomechanics and Neural Control of Posture and Movement"

2000 - (Winters and Crago Editors)

Gatev P, Thomas S, Kepple TM, & Hallett M "Feedforward ankle strategy of balance during quiet stance in adults"

1999 - Journal of Physiology,514.3, 915-928

Holden JP, Stanhope SJ. "The Effect of Variation in Knee Center Location Estimates on Net Knee Joint Moments."

1998 - Gait and Posture 7, 1-6

Kepple, TMSiegel, KL, , & Stanhope SJ "Relative contributions of the lower extremity joint moments to forward progression and support during gait"

1997 - Gait and Posture, 6, 1-8

Kepple, T. Siegel , K., & Stanhope, S. "The use of two foot-floor models to examine the role of the ankle plantar flexors in the forward acceleration of normal gait."

1997 - Gait and Posture, 5, 172-173

Siegel, K., Kepple, T., & Caldwell, G. "Improved Agreement of Foot Segmental Power and Rate of Energy During Gait: Inclusion of Distal Power Terms and use of 3D models."

1996 - Journal of Biomechanics, 29, 823-827

Buczek F., Kepple T., Lohmann Siegel K., & Stanhope S. "Effect of one, three, and six degree-of-freedom modeling upon joint powers at the normal knee."

1994 - Proceedings of the Second World Congress on Biomechanics, 151

Buczek F., Siegel K., Kepple T., Stanhope S. "Ground reaction force signal processing in joint power calculations."

1991 - Proceedings of the Seventh Annual East Coast Gait Laboratory Conference

Kepple T. "MOVE3D - Software for analyzing human motion."

1991 - IEEE 1991 Future Directions Workshop, 106-109

Foot studies or research papers:

Gordon KE and Ferris DP "Learning to walk with a robotic ankle exoskeleton"

2007 - Journal of Biomechanics, 40:2636-2644

Butler RJ, Davis IS, and Hamill J "Interaction of arch type and footwear on running mechanics."

2006 - American Journal of Sports Medicine 34, 1998-2005

Gordon KE, Sawicki GS and Ferris DP "Mechanical performance of artificial pneumatic muscles to power an ankle-foot orthosis."

2006 - Journal of Biomechanics, 39:1832-1841

Ferris DP, Bohra ZA, Lukos JR and Kinnaird CR "Neuromechanical adaptation to hopping with an elastic ankle-foot orthosis."

2006 - Journal of Applied Physiology, 100:163-170

Biomechanics - kinematics, kinetics, methods, algorithms, modeling:

Cereatti A, Della Croce U, Cappozzo A "Reconstruction of skeletal movement using skin markers: Comparative assessment of bone pose estimators. "

2006 - Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 3:7

Reference

Cappello, A., Cappozzo, A., La Palombara, P.F., Lucchetti, L., Leardini, A. "Multiple anatomical landmark calibration for optimal bone pose estimation."

1997 - Human Movement Science. 16: 259-274

Siegel KL, Kepple TM, Caldwell GE "Improved agreement of foot segmental power and rate of energy change during gait: Inclusion of distal power terms and use of three-dimensional models."

1996 - Journal of Biomechanics 29(6):823-827

Siegel KL, Kepple TM, O'Connell PO, Gerber LH, Stanhope SJ "Evaluation of foot function during the stance phase of gait."

1995 - Foot & Ankle International 16(12):764-770

Kepple TM, Arnold AS, Stanhope SJ, Siegel KL "Measurement of musculoskeletal motion from surface landmarks: A three-dimensional computer graphics approach."

1994 - Journal of Biomechanics 27(3):365-371

Buczek FL, Kepple TM, Siegel KL, Stanhope SJ. "Translational and Rotational Joint Power Terms in a Six Degree-of-Freedom Model of the Normal Ankle Complex."

1994 - Journal of Biomechanics 27(12):1447-1457

Siegel KL, Stanhope SJ, Caldwell GE "Kinematic and kinetic adaptations in the lower limb during stance in gait of unilateral femoral neuropathy patients."

1993 - Clinical Biomechanics, 8:147-155

Barr AE, Siegel KL, Danoff JV, McGarvey CL III, Tomasko A, Sable I, Stanhope SJ "Biomechanical comparison of the energy storing capabilities of SACH and Carbon Copy II prosthetic feet during the stance phase of gait in a person with below knee amputation."

1992 - Physical Therapy 72(5):344-54

Stanhope SJ, Kepple TM, McGuire DA, Roman NL. "A Kinematic-Based Technique for Event Time Determination During Gait."

1990 - Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing 28:355-360

Visual3D provides an automated determination of events within motion data. An event is defined as a user defined significant occurrence during data collections. Examples of events are: heel strike, mid- stance, foot off during gait, signals generated by analog device associated with bells, buzzers, lights, potentiometers and foot switches, and events based on kinematic data such as mid-swing or mid- stance.

Stanhope SJ, Kepple TM, McGuire DA, Roman NL. "A Kinematic-Based Technique for Event Time Determination During Gait."

1990 - Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing 28:355-360

Kepple TM, Stanhope SJ, Lohmann (Siegel) KN, Roman NL "A video-based technique for measuring ankle-subtalar motion during stance."

1990 - Journal of Biomedical Engineering 12(4):273-80

Kepple T., Stanhope S. A "A Video based, six degree of freedom approach for analyzing human motion."

1989 - Proceedings of the Fifth Annual East Coast Gait Laboratories Conference

Kepple T., Stanhope S., Rich A. "The presentation and evaluation of a video based, six degree-of-freedom approach for analyzing human motion"

1988 - Proceedings of the Annual IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

Marker sets and placement papers:

Manal K, McLay I, Galinat B, Stanhope SJ "The accuracy of estimating proximal tibial translation during natural cadence walking: bone vs. skin mounted targets"

2003 - Clinical Biomechanics. 18, 126-131

Manal, K., McClay, I., Stanhope, S., Richards, J., Galinat, B. "Comparison of surface mounted markers and attachment methods in estimating tibial rotations during walking: an in vivo study"

2000 - Gait and Posture 11:38-45

Karlsson, D., Tranberg, R. "On skin movement artifact-resonant frequencies of skin markers attached to the leg."

1999 - Human Movement Science 18:627-635

McClay, I., Manal, K. "Three-dimensional kinetic analysis of running: significance of secondary planes of motion."

1999 - Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 31:1629-1637

Holden JP, Stanhope SJ. "The Effect of Variation in Knee Center Location Estimates on Net Knee Joint Moments."

1998 - Gait and Posture. 7, 1-6

Fuller, J., Lui, L.-J., Murphy, M. C., Mann, R. W. "A comparison of lower- extremity skeletal kinematics measured using skin- and pin mounted markers."

1997 - Human Movement Science 16:219-242

Reinschmidt, C., van den Bogert, A. J., Nigg, B. M., Lundberg, A., Murphy, N. "Effect of skin movement on the analysis of skeletal knee joint motion during running."

1997 - Journal of Biomechanics 30(7):729-732

Holden JP, Orsini JA, Siegel KL, Kepple TM, Gerber LH, Stanhope SJ "Surface movement errors in kinematic and kinetic measurement in gait."

1997 - Gait and Posture.

Cappozzo A, Cappello A, Della Croce U, Pensalfini P. "Surface-Marker Cluster Design Criteria for 3-D Bone Movement Reconstruction."

1997 - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 44 (12), p 1165-1174

Ball KA, Pierrynowski MR. "Classification of errors in locating a rigid body."

1996 - Journal of Biomechanics 29(9):1213-1217

Angeloni, C., Cappozzo, A., Catani, F., Leardini, A. "Quantification of relative displacement of skin- and plate-mounted markers with respect to bones."

1993 - Journal of Biomechanics 26:864

Gait or lower body related papers:

Ramsey DK, Snyder-Mackler L, Lewek M, Newcomb W, Rudolph KS. "Effect of anatomic realignment on muscle function during gait in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis."

2007 - rthritis Care & Research. Volume 57, Issue 3 , Pages 389 - 397

Stanhope SJ, Kepple TM, McGuire DA, Roman NL. "A Kinematic-Based Technique for Event Time Determination During Gait."

1990 - Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing 28:355-360

Biomechanics and robotic devices:

Gordon KE and Ferris DP "Learning to walk with a robotic ankle exoskeleton"

2007 - Journal of Biomechanics, 40:2636-2644

Lab calibration or CalTester related papers:

Holden JP, Selbie WS, Stanhope SJ "A proposed test to support the clinical movement analysis laboratory"

2003 - Gait and Posture 17 205-213

Article describing a testing methodology that can be used to quickly and easily document the spatial synchronization of a motion capture system and force platforms. (supported by CalTester)

Reference